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・ Operation Darkhorse
・ Operation Darkness
・ Operation Davy Jones' Locker
・ Operation Dawn
・ Operation Dawn (1967)
・ Operation Dawn (1983)
・ Operation Dawn (1997)
・ Operation Dawn (2012)
・ Operation Dawn 2
・ Operation Dawn 3
・ Operation Dawn 5
・ Operation Dawn 6
・ Operation Dawn 8
・ Operation Dawn Blitz
・ Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
Operation Dawn-4
・ Operation Day's Work
・ Operation Daybreak
・ Operation Days of Penitence
・ Operation Deadlight
・ Operation Deadstick
・ Operation Death to the Invader
・ Operation Deckhouse Five
・ Operation Deep Cut
・ Operation Deep Freeze
・ Operation Deep Water
・ Operation Defeat Al Qaeda in the North
・ Operation Defensive Shield
・ Operation Definite Victory
・ Operation Defoe


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Operation Dawn-4 : ウィキペディア英語版
Operation Dawn-4

Operation Valfajr-4 ( Dawn 4) was an Iranian operation of the Iran-Iraq War launched in 1983. At the end of the operation Iran had captured a small amount of territory from the Iraqis.
Units of Iraq's First Army Corps spent two months in their trenches waiting for the Iranians to attack. The offensive came on 19 October 1983 as the Iranians and guerillas of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan took of territory. This included a number of Kurdish villages and exerted a significant amount of pressure on Penjwin.
Saddam Hussein responded with a counterattack, using the Iraqi Republican Guard and poison gas. However, they failed to dislodge the Iranians, who were dug-in and reinforced by Kurdish fighters.
==The battle==

The focus of the fourth Dawn operation in September 1983 was the northern sector in Iranian Kurdistan. Three Iranian regular divisions, the Revolutionary Guard, and Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) elements amassed in Marivan and Sardasht in a move to threaten the major Iraqi city Suleimaniyah. Iran's strategy was to press Kurdish tribes to occupy the Banjuin Valley, which was within 45 km (28 mi) of Suleimaniyah and 140 km (87 mi) from the oilfields of Kirkuk. To stem the tide, Iraq deployed Mi-8 attack helicopters equipped with chemical weapons and executed 120 sorties against the Iranian force, which stopped them 15 km (9.3 mi) into Iraqi territory. 5,000 Iranians and 2,500 Iraqis died.() Iran gained 110 km2 (42 sq mi) of its territory back in the north, gained 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi) of Iraqi land, and captured 1,800 Iraqi prisoners while Iraq abandoned large quantities of valuable weapons and war materiel in the field. Iraq responded to these losses by firing a series of SCUD-B missiles into the cities of Dezful, Masjid Suleiman, and Behbehan, while the Iraqi naval aircraft mined the port of Bandar Khomeini. Iran's use of artillery against Basra while the battles in the north raged created multiple fronts, which effectively confused and wore down Iraq.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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